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10 Poems for Educational Materials ESL.

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"...as humanity's blazing orb propels..."

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Edge of the SKY South China Sea Phom Rak Khun The Meh Khong River Mahogany Shadows Heart of Java Sudharmi Ode to Dati Devil Moon Dukun

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This is a book on empirical number theory concentrating on the analysis of number sequences. Its focus is on a small part of a very large number of integer sequences defined by Florentin Smarandache. The author has. however. when appropriate included some other of his research results which organically belongs to this area. The content is organized into chapters according to the main considerations to make when programming the analysis. They are not mutually exclusive. As in my previous book Surfing on the ocean of numbers - a few Smarandache Notions and Similar Topics an attempt has been made to present results so that they are easy to understand and not to burdensome to read. There are many tables. some of which may be used for reference. but in general they are there to show the overall results obtained at a glance. In most cases it is the way in which sequences behave. not the individual figures. which is of importance. Some graphs have been included to illustrate important findings....

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Ahupuaa is a section of land most often running from the mountains to the sea. Within most ahupuaa were three areas: uka (upland), kula (plains and fields), and kai (sea and nearby land). These areas contained almost everything people needed to survive. Two words are in the word“ahupuaa:” “ahu” for altar and “puaa” for pig. An altar of stones was built on the ahupuaa boundary in honor of the god Lono. Lono was the god of peace, rain, clouds, winds, the sea, agriculture and fertility. An image of a pig’s head was carved of kukui wood and placed upon the altar. During the yearly Makahiki Festival the people brought their hookupu, or gifts, to this altar....

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În perioada 24-25 aprilie 2010 s-a desfăşurat A Şasea Conferinţă Internaţională în Teoria Numerelor şi Noţiuni Smarandache la Universitatea Normală din Tianshui, China. Organizatorii conferinţei au fost prof. univ. dr. Zhang Wenpeng de la Universitatea Nordvest din Xi’an şi prof. univ. dr. Wangsheng He de la Universitatea Normală din Tianshui. Lucrările conferinţei au fost publicate într-un volum special în care se găsesc şi articole matematice despre noţiuni legate de cercetările omului de ştiinţă roman, Florentin Smarandache, precum: semigrupuri, inele neasociative, funcţii aritmetice, şi conjecturi sau probleme Smarandache etc. Cartea poate fi descărcată din site-ul. During the period 24 to 25 April 2010 was conducted Sixth International Conference on Number Theory and Smarandache Notions of Tianshui Normal University, China. Conference organizers were prof. Dr. Zhang Wenpeng together from Northwest University in Xi'an and prof. Dr. Wangsheng He Tianshui Normal University. The conference proceedings were published in a special volume that are mathematics articles about concepts and research related to Romanian scientist, Flore...

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În loc de prefaţă – de Ion Pătraşcu .................................... 8 I. Pe aripile... zborului, în Dayton – Ohio! ........................ 11 . „Înaripare” spre Dayton ............................................. 12 . DWF – marele „nod aerian” ...................................... 13 . Conferinţă de... 1 Mai! ............................................... 16 . La Muzeul Naţional al Aviaţiei Militare .................... 19 . Paradoxurile Fraţilor Wright ...................................... 28 . Totuşi, cine a zburat primul? ..................................... 26 . „Nebuni” contra curentului ........................................ 28 . „Aripile de liliac” ....................................................... 30 . Bimotorul mamut ....................................................... 32 . Cu avionul priponit pe... gheaţă! ................................ 33 . Motorul cu... aer comprimat! ..................................... 34 . De la motorul cu aburi, la cel cu kerosen ................... 35 . Un inventator ciudat ................................................... 37 . Prototipul avionului uşor ........

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Florentin Smarandache's account on his visit to Atlanta to participate in the International Conference on Granular Computing, organized by the famous international association of electricity and electronics engineers, on behalf her official Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., who write shorthand IEEE (American scholar in folklore)....

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Merg cu maşina din Gallup, statul New Mexico, SUA, oraşul meu de reşedinţă, la Albuquerque, de unde voi lua avionul pentru Atlanta, capitala statului Georgia, pentru a participa la Conferinţa Internaţională de Calcul Granular (IEEE – GrC 2006), organizată de celebra asociaţie mondială a inginerilor din domeniile electricităţii şi electronicii, pe numele ei oficial Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, care se scrie prescurtat IEEE (în folclorul savanţilor americani)....

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Conferinţa internaţională de calcul granular . Un drum cu... teroare! .................................................. 6 . Ghidaj urban după hartă ............................................... 8 . Suprema onoare – sunt citat de Zadeh ....................... 12 . Asiaticii – 70 % din participanţi! ............................... 13 . În „bucătăria” calculului granular .............................. 14 . Cine-i mai inteligent: omul sau maşina? .................... 16 . În cel mai mare acvariu din lume ............................... 17 . În Atlanta, Pe aripile vântului ................................... 20 . Afacere sau for ştiinţific?! ......................................... 23 . Plimbare cu chinezi prin Atlanta ................................ 25 . Cambei! la restaurantul chinezesc ............................. 27 . Sponsorizarea salvatoare ............................................ 29 . „Exilat” la... clasa I! ................................................... 29 Manneken-Pis! Pregătiri de drum pentru Bruxelles ............................ 31 . Un „Boeing” scuturat! ...........................................

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AU-1, Air University Style and Author Guide is designed to unify their writing stylistically and to give them information about publishing with AU Press. Rapid expansion in the field of electronic media—especially the Internet—has made AU research and writing increasingly accessible. For that reason, we should assure that our efforts in these areas are sound—not only substantively but also stylistically. Based on recognized but forward-looking principles of standard English usage, the Air University Style Guide for Writers and Editors, part one of this publication, provides reliable guidance on such matters as punctuation, capitalization, abbreviation, documentation, numbers, spelling, and much more. Following the advice found there will make AU publications stylistically consistent and acceptable. Part two, the Air University Press Author Guide, contains instructions to writers who wish to have their studies considered for publication by the Air Force’s air and space power publisher....

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FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Part 1 Air University Style Guide for Writers and Editors 1.0 Terms and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2.0 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 3.0 Grammar and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . .55 3.1 Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 3.2 Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 4.0 Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 4.1 Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.2 Spelling and Word Formation . . . . . . . .95 4.3 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 4.4 Italics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 4.5 Display Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 5.0 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Appendix A Note Citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 B Bibliographic Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 C Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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This book is about the voyage to deliver a double-hulled sailing canoe thousands of miles as a gift to renowned wayfinding navigator Mau Piailug of Satawal, Micronesia. Native Hawaiians delivered the canoe to express their gratitude to Mau for sharing his knowledge of non- instrument navigation 30 years ago, reviving their sailing culture. Courtesy of Polynesian Voyaging Society This map of the Pacific Ocean charts the route of the sailing canoes Hokulea and Alingano Maisu to Satawal, the home atoll of Mau Piailug....

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Out of the Northeast Pacific, out of the Hawaiian Islands, of the gods Papa of Earth and Wakea of Water, forged by the fire goddess Pele, came the double-hulled sailing canoes Hokulea and Alingano Maisu. Mai na Koolau Mai Hawaii pae aina Ma o Papa me Wakea Ma o Pele ka wahine a ka lua Eia mai na waa kaulua O Hokulea laua O Alingano Maisu Saengi eotiwaefangin Pacific Sangi faniuwaen Hawaii Faniuwer aniu Papa, aniun faniuw, me aniu Wakea, Anium neset, faniuwaen niewe aniu Pele, Aniun aengaet, aser waserakewe Hokulea me Alingano Maisu....

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Two children's stories with beautiful illustrations The old fisherman had a good dog and an evil black cat. The dog was called Boley and the cat, Serzhina. "Master, this cat will be our undoing! Let's drive her away! Black cat, evil cat!" yelped Boley. "Don't say that! You'll see that Serzhina will change and become good!" answered the old fisherman... The Legend of the Black Sea - an unforgettable story which shows that strength of will is above everything else. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The poor King had lost his Queen during the birth of their firstborn daughter, Princess Selena. After that unhappy day the King was never separated even for a moment from his young daughter, Selena. But the little princess suffered over this because she couldn't find any friends.... Mommy - an unforgettable story where good and bad are both done in the name of love....

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These legends have been selected with the thought that, in length and content, they are suitable to be told or read to young children as well as to be read by older ones. Some are very old legends, common to many Pacific islands, and others are of recent origin. The menehune were the little people of Hawaiian tales. As they lived in the mountain forests and only came to the lowland at night, they were not often seen. Yet the Hawaiians could describe them. They were two or three feet tall, the stories said, thickset and hairy. Some of them were never heard to talk while others talked with deep, gruff voices. The Hawaiians said their talk sounded like the low growl of a dog, and their laughter could be heard far away. The mu, a banana-eating people, were a tribe of the menehune. These little people worked at night. They worked together and in great numbers. In a single night they could accomplish mighty deeds such as building a road or heiau or walling in a fish pond. Once they even took a spring from its rocky bed and carried it, bundled in ti leaves, down to the lowland so that villagers might have its water for their taro patches...

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Laka stood among the great trees of the koa forest. "This is such a tree as my grandmother told me of," he thought. "It is straight and has grown strong fighting the mountain winds. Such a tree will make a strong canoe, one that can fight ocean waves." Then Laka prayed and went to work with his stone tool. All day he worked. At last the great tree fell, and Laka went home, tired but satisfied. "Tomorrow I shall trim off the branches," he thought. "I shall cut the log to the right length for a canoe. Then I must shape it, but I have no skill in shaping a canoe." When tomorrow came he could not find the log. "I should have marked the place," he thought. "Was it here or over there?" He wandered through the forest, but could not find the tree that he had cut. He cut down another and this time looked carefully to make sure of finding his log the next day. But the next day there was no log! It seemed to Laka that he found the tree. The place was right, and there stood a tree just like the one he'd cut the day before. He rubbed his eyes. Was someone raising the tree that he cut down? He would try once more. So once again he cut down a t...

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This series is arranged in levels of reading difficulty ranging from 1 to 5. The easiest is level 1, the hardest level 5. All these books are royalty free and can be copied used printed and distributed, scrawled on walls, acted out in plays and told (very slowly) to your pet dog, if you don’t have a dog a cat will do, but hamsters do not listen as they only speak Spanish. They are designed to be easily read on a computer and can be printed on standard A4 size paper (landscape format) There is no bad language or offensive words anywhere in these books. ...

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Albi Tross lives in a very wavy place, it is called the Pacific Ocean. It was a very big place and full of waves. Albi knows all about waves, far more than any one else he knew. This was not very difficult as he did not know many people. The Pacific ocean is such a big place the chance of meeting another Albatross were pretty small. Even when two albatross do meet the last thing they want to talk about is waves. ...

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Kamehameha Schools considers the legends of old Hawai’i part of the heritage of these islands. For this reason and because they are good stories, enjoyable to us and to our visitors, we have published these books of legends. The first, Pikoi, contains legends of the island of Hawai’i. This book, the second, and Tales of the Menehune, the third, contain legends of the various islands. We feel sure that through reading these stories children and adults will grow a bit in understanding and appreciation of the civilization here before European explorers reached our shores....

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The Water of Kane. 3 -- The Jealous Brothers. 3 -- The Voyage. 10 -- Aukele's Search. 14 -- Pakaa. 25 -- The Sail. 25 -- The Backbone of a Chief. 30 -- The Wind Gourd. 36 -- Companions in the Forest. 45 -- The Turtle in the Sweet-Potato Patch. 52 -- A Maiden from the Mu. 65 -- The Piper in the Sacred Valley. 73 -- The Rainbow Maiden of Waimea. 85 -- Kawelo of Kauai. 93 -- His Boyhood. 93 -- On Oahu. 98 -- The Conquest of Kauai. 107 -- Kauilani and the Sea Monster. 118 -- Aku Fishing with Palila. 127 -- How the Gods Made People. 133 -- The Sacred Breadfruit Tree. 136 -- Some Tricks of Kamapuaa. 138 -- Why Hilu Fish Are Striped. 144 -- The Sharks of Puuloa. 148 -- The Pipi of Puuloa. 154 -- Kaehu and the Man-Eater. 156 -- The Song of the Kapa Log. 158 -- Paalua and Kawelu. 163 -- The Kauila Trees of Mauna Loa. 173 -- Pepe and Nui. 177 -- The Mischievous Boy of Maui. 181 -- The Battle of the Owls. 188 -- The Boy Who Walked Backward. 190 -- The Punishment of Hua. 194 -- Kuula: God of Fishermen. 200 -- Glossary. 208 --...

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It was the intention of the author of this volume to make some extended remarks concerning the character, peculiarities and extent of the hawaiian language, by way of preface or introduction; but the want of physical strength, and especially of mental energy, has induced him to forego such an attempt and be contented with a mere history of the manner in which this dictionary has come into existence. The history of hawaiian lexicography is short....

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Hawaiian is but a dialect of the great Polynesian language, which is spoken with extraordinary uniformity over all the numerous islands of the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and Hawaii. Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread family of languages, known as the Malayo-Polynesian or Oceanic family, which extends from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands, and from New Zealand to Formosa. The Hawaiian dialect is peculiarly interesting to the philologist from its isolated position, being the most remote of the family from its primeval seat in South-Eastern Asia, and leading as it were the van while the Malagasy brings up the rear. We will first give a brief account of what has been done for these languages, chiefly by European scholars. The similarity of the Polynesian dialects to one another is so striking that it did not escape the notice of the first discoverers in this Ocean. Dr. Reinhold Forster, the celebrated naturalist of Captain Cook’s second voyage, drew up a table containing 47 words taken from 11 Oceanic dialects, and the corresponding terms in Malay, Mexican, Peruvian and Chilian. ...

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This publication consists of a series of lectures prepared and given to interns and other employees by Mr. David G. Boak in 1966. Mr. Boak is uniquely qualified to discuss the history of the US COM_SEC because he has participated significantly in most aspects of its modern development over the past twenty years....

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In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy, and its connected logic, Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This was introduced by one of the authors, Florentin Smarandache. A few of the mentionable characteristics of this mode of thinking are [90-94]: It proposes new philosophical theses, principles, laws, methods, formulas and movements; it reveals that the world is full of indeterminacy; it interprets the uninterpretable; regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems and proves that an idea which is true in a given referential system, may be false in another, and vice versa; attempts to make peace in the war of ideas, and to make w...

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This book is one of a series originally written by faculty in a Kamehameha reading program. The books were designed to increase students' reading skills and their knowledge of Hawaiian history and culture by focusing on topics such as the Hawaiian monarchy. Some of these books have been translated from their original English into Hawaiian through the efforts of the staff of the Kamehameha Schools Hawaiian Studies Institute. We are pleased at the reception both the English and the Hawaiian editions have received from educational and general audiences....

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Try to imagine Hawai’i five hundred years ago. What do you suppose life in the islands was like then? How do you think people survived? From the Mountains to the Sea: Early Hawaiian Life will help answer these questions. It will give us a glimpse of our early Hawaiian ancestors. We will see where they lived and how they lived. We will learn about their close ties to nature. By observing their relationship with this natural environment we will discover that these early Hawaiians were creative, industrious, observant, skillful and wise people....

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Prefaceix -- vii -- Acknowledgments -- xi -- Editor's Note -- 1 -- Introduction -- 3 -- Polynesian Discoverers -- 4 -- Marquesans -- 6 -- Tahitians -- 9 -- Umi Divides the Land -- 13 – Ahupuaa -- 18 -- Uka: Mountains and Uplands -- 22 -- Kula: Plains and Fields -- 25 -- Kai: The Sea and the Lands Nearby -- 30 -- Spirits of Nature -- 32 -- Na Akua: The Major Spirits -- 37 -- Heiau: Places of Worship -- 41 -- Na Kapu: The Forbidden or Sacred -- 43 -- Na Kanaka: The People -- 45 -- Na Alii: The Chiefs -- 53 -- Na Kahuna: The Priests and Experts -- 57 -- Na Makaainana: The Working People -- 70 -- Ka Ohana: The Family89 -- Na Mahiai: The Planters -- 94 -- Tools of the Mahiai -- 98 -- Where to Plant -- 100 -- When to Plant -- 102 -- Prayers and Offerings -- 103 -- The Joy of Planting -- 105 -- The Water of Kane -- 109 -- Na Lawaia: The Fishermen -- 110 -- An Honored Profession -- 113 -- Ku ula, Aumakua and Omens -- 117 -- Catching Fish -- 118 -- Conserving the Supply of Fish -- 124 -- Na Poe Hana Noeau: The Craftsmen -- 131 -- Kapa-making 133 -- Featherwork -- 138 -- The First Object Made -- 139 -- Olelo a me Moolelo: Language and Lite...

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Summary of detailed findings from research on the history of fishing practices and marine fisheries of the Hawaiian islands compiled from: native Hawaiian traditions, historical accounts, government communications, kama?aina testimony and ethnography...

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In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same, there is no division between the two. The wealth and limitations of the land and ocean resources gave birth to, and shaped the Hawaiian world view. The ?aina (land), wai (water), kai (ocean), and lewa (sky) were the foundation of life and the source of the spiritual relationship between people and their environs. Every aspect of life, whether in the sky, on land, or of the waters was believed to have been the physical body-forms assumed by the creative forces of nature, and the greater and lesser gods and goddesses of the Hawaiian people. Respect and care for nature, in turn meant that nature would care for the people. Thus, Hawaiian culture, for the most part, evolved in a healthy relationship with the nature around it, and until the arrival of foreigners on Hawaiian shores, the health and well-being of the people was reflected in the health of nature around them. Today, whether looking to the sea and fisheries, or to the flat lands and mountains, or to the condition of the people, it is all too easy to find signs of stress and diminishing health of H...

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This series of reading books is arranged in levels of reading difficulty ranging from 1 to 5. The easiest is level 1, the hardest level 5. All these books are royalty free and can be copied used printed and distributed, acted out in plays etc, etc without any restriction. They are designed to be easily read on a computer and can be printed on standard A4 size paper. There is no bad language or offensive words anywhere in these books....

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As with the other animals the Lama was a rescue case, it had been found wondering the roads by the police. It had obviously been mistreated and was in a bad state, it had burns and twisted back leg that had been broken and not been set properly. It was very frightened of people, but over the weeks I had been looking after it, it slowly got used to me and sometimes came over to me and nuzzled me with it nose, hence I called him Nosey. Today Nosey was not so sure about me and was eyeing me from the far corner of the cage, he had probably had a bad dream....

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ABSTRACT – Purpose of The Disclosure Project Briefing Document This briefing document was written to provide an overview of a public disclosure of the very complex UFO/ET (Unidentified Flying Object/ExtraTerrestrial) subject and provide background materials and references for individuals to start their own research. This subject is inherently overwhelming as it touches on broad and profound implications for the future of mankind on our planet from both an intellectual and a technological perspective. We have provided recommended actions for different stakeholders(including the press, the public, congress, the military, the scientific establishment,the president of the US, and the members of the UFO/ET control groups). These recommendations should help smooth the disclosure process, making this issue the subject of open and informed discussion, both within our government and the public sectors. The background materials include the following types of information: 1) Summaries of video taped testimony of military, government and private first-hand witnesses to UFO/ET events. 2) A series of position papers describing the background his...

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As a Captain, Lieutenant, Master Sergeant, Sergeant, or Petty Officer, YOU have more leadership ability than most managers. This book has three purposes: First, it teaches you how your military experience has prepared you to be a leader and successfully transfer those skills to an exciting career in the corporate world. Second, it summarizes the best leadership practices of both the military and corporations, and Third, it helps you find good employer prospects and wow them with your resume and interview skills. It also helps you understand the winning ways of true leaders. Each aspect of quality leadership has its own chapter, with appropriate subheadings....

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Chapter 1–About the Author Chapter 2–Introduction Chapter 3–Leading Trust and Honesty Taking Responsibility Taking the Long-Term View Statements of Mission, Values, Good Behaviors, and Permission Lead by Example Create a Personal Vision Humility and Humor Focus Reporting The quality and direction of information Reports Meetings Chapter 4–Building Teams Improve the Quality of Life Build Your Team Listen to Team Members Listen and analyze human resources Find out what’s really happening in your unit Hiring Chapter 5–Motivating, Training, and Coaching Motivating Recognition Punishment Training Help your people become their best: How to train Who trains team members? Finding Talent Coaching Ask instead of tell Encourage collaboration and cooperation. Offer honest help Give continual and honest feedback, performance evaluations, and support. Chapter 6–Seeking Results Chapter 7–Goals Chapter 8–Change Chapter 9–Intelligence Chapter 10–Strategy Chapter 11–Taking Calculated Risks Chapter 12–Dealing with Bad News Chapter 13–Decisions Chapter 14–Crises Chapter 15–Dealing with Failure Chapter 16–Sea...

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At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui. The study included—conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, and land use planning processes of the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The study area includes 72 ahupua?a (native land divisions extending from fisheries to the mountain region) which make up the moku o loko (districts) of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, Maui. Situated on the eastern slopes of Haleakala, the lands are a part of the region generally known as Maui Hikina (East Maui). These lands comprise a large portion of ...

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In general, it will be seen that the few differences of history and recollections in the cited interviews are minor. If anything, the differences help direct us to questions which may be answered through additional research, or in some cases, pose questions which may never be answered. Diversity in the stories told, should be seen as something that will enhance interpretation, preservation, and long-term management of the land and water resources of Maui Hikina....

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At the request of Garret Hew, Manager of East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd. (EMI), Kumu Pono Associates conducted a two-phased study of cultural-historical resources in the lands of Hamakua Poko, Hamakua Loa, and Ko?olau, in the region of Maui Hikina (East Maui), Island of Maui (an area that includes some 73 individual ahupua?a or native land divisions). The study included— conducting detailed research of historical records in public and private collections (Volume I); and conducting oral history interviews with individuals known to be familiar with the cultural and natural landscape, and history of land use in the Maui Hikina study area (Volume II). This study was conducted in conjunction with the Water License Application of the East Maui Irrigation Company, Ltd., to the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai?i. The specific scope of the study sought to investigate and describe the wide range of issues related to Native Hawaiian and historic practices associated with na mea wai (water and its usage). In order to understand the cultural-historical context of water resources including — those uses which have been ...

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The research and interviews conducted for this study were performed in a manner consistent with Federal and State laws and guidelines for such studies. Among the referenced laws and guidelines were the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended in 1992 (36 CFR Part 800); the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation?s “Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review” (ACHP 1985); National Register Bulletin 38, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties” (Parker and King 1990); the Hawai?i State Historic Preservation Statute (Chapter 6E), which affords protection to historic sites, including traditional cultural properties of ongoing cultural significance; the criteria, standards, and guidelines currently utilized by the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD) for the evaluation and documentation of cultural sites (cf. Title 13, Sub-Title 13:274-4,5,6; 275:6 – Draft of December 1996); and guidelines for cultural impact assessment studies, adopted by the Office of Environmental Quality Contro...

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The following collection of archival and oral historical records was researched and compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Ms. Ulalia Woodside, Land Legacy Resources Manager (Land Assets Division), of Kamehameha Schools. The research focused on two primary sources of information—historical literature, and summary of oral historical interviews with kupuna and kama?aina, known to be familiar with the history of Keauhou, and neighboring lands in the Districts of Ka?u, Puna, and Hilo, on the island of Hawai?i. The oral historical component of the study is based upon two historical interviews and a summary of an interview program conducted specifically for Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park between 1997 to 2000 (Langlas and Waipa, ms. 1997; and Langlas, 2003). The research brings a wide range (though not exhaustive) of historical references into one manuscript, with written accounts dating from the 1820s and oral historical accounts recalling traditions and personal experiences dating from the 1870s....

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Introduction. 1 -- Background. 1 -- Approach To Conducting The Study. 3 -- Historical Documentary Resources. 3 -- A Cultural-Historical Synthesis Of Keauhou And Neighboring Lands. 6 -- Native Traditions And Historical Narratives Of Keauhou And Vicinity. 9 -- Storied Place Names Of Keauhou. 9 -- 1. Na Moolelo (Native Traditions And Historical Accounts). 12 -- "He Meie I Kilauea". 12 -- He Wahi Puolo Lwi. 14 -- "Volcanic Manifestations—Pele". 16 -- Stone For Koi (Adze) Collected At Kilauea. 19 -- Battle Between Pele And Kamapuaa-The Naming Of Halemaumau. 19 -- Why The ohelo Is Sacred To Pele. 26 -- The Explosive Eruption Of Kilauea In 1790. 31 -- Kapiolanis Visit To Kilauea - Breaking The Kapu Of Pele (1823). 32 -- First Visit By Kamehameha Iii To Kilauea (1828). 33 -- Chiefess Bemice Pauahi Bishop's Visit To Kilauea In 1845. 33 -- Historical Accounts Of Kilauea And Attachment To Cultural Landscapes. 34 -- He Kanikau. 34 -- The Eruptions, Earthquakes And Tidal Waves Of 1868. 35 -- "Na Papahi Lei E Kini Kohu Ai"-Lei Of Lehua And Painiu Noted At Kilauea. 39 -- "Na Wahi Pana O Ko Kakou Lua Pele Kaulana" Storied Places Of Our Famous Volca...

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This volume was compiled at the request of Scott Atkinson (on behalf of The Nature Conservancy), and Chipper Wichman (on behalf of Limahuli Gardens, The National Tropical Botanical Gardens and Hui Makaainana o Makana-Limahuli Garden ICMI Project), and includes excerpts from selected historical records, and oral history interviews with kupuna and elder kamaaina who are natives of, or familiar with the lands, fisheries and families of the Halelea-Napali region of Kauai (Figure 1). While including historical references to the larger districts of Halelea and Napali, the selected narratives cited in this volume pay particular attention to the lands of Wainiha, Haena, Limahuli and Kee. The work reported herein provides readers with access to several important sources of documentation pertaining to native Hawaiian use and management of land and fishery resources. Documentation from—traditional lore (some translated herein by Maly); native land records of the Mahele Aina, including documentation covering the period from ca. 1819 to 1855; the Boundary Commission Testimonies of native witnesses ca. 1870 to 1880; Kingdom and Government c...

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The primary focus of this study was the conducting of oral history interviews with individuals familiar with lands of the study area. The interviewees were born between ca. 1905 to 1936, and nearly all of them are tied to families with generations of residency in the Halelea-Napali region. A few interviewees, not born in the area, have personal knowledge of the lands, ocean and families of the region, dating back to the 1940s. All but one of the interviewees were brought up in families that worked the lands and fished in the traditional Hawaiian system, observing ancient customs and beliefs, and most fished as a means of survival and sustaining their families. Their recollections and descriptions of practices, span their own life-times, and draw on the knowledge and expertise of their own elders, dating back to the 1850s, and include references to native beliefs, traditions, customs and practices associated with land use and residency; the locations of fisheries and types of fish caught; and observations about the changing conditions of the resources....

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Introduction. 1 -- Background And Approach To Conducting The Study. 1 -- Moolelo ohana (Family Traditions In Oral History Interviews). 1 -- Interview Methodology. 1 -- Release Of Oral History Interview Records. 3 -- Contributors To The Oral History Interviews. 3 -- Historical Descriptions Of The Lands, Fisheries And Families In The Halelea And Napali Region. 5 -- An Overview Of Traditional Residency And Land-Ocean Tenure Practices. 5 -- Kauai Nui Moku Lehua Panee Lua I Ke Kai. 5 -- Disposition Of Lands: The Mahele aina And Development Of Fee-Simple Property And Fishery Rights (Ca. 1846-1855). 6 -- Fisheries Of The Halelea Region Described In The Mahele aina. 17 -- Halelea And Napali—Boundary Commission Testimonies (Ca. 1873-1882). 21 -- Boundary Of The Ahupuaa Of Lumahai. 21 -- Boundary Of The Ahupuaa Of Waioli. 24 -- Boundary Of The Ahupuaa Of Waipaa [Waipa]. 27. Boundary Of The Ahupuaa Ofhanalei. 29 -- Selected Native Traditions And Accounts Describing The Cultural Landscape, Use Of Land And Ocean Resources, And Residency. 34 -- Puuone (Dune-Banked Ponds). 34 -- George Bowser's "Directory And Tourists Guide" (1880). 34 -- H.M. Whi...

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Language, in all parts of the earth, is the principal medium of communication between men. It is employed only by rational beings, or such as to have the faculty of speech; that is, of uttering articulate sounds. Language is the medium of communicating ideas in two ways: 1st, by the use of the voice in the utterance of articulate sounds termed words; 2nd, by characters representing articulate sounds. The former is addressed to the ear, the latter to the eye. Languages, like the people of the earth, are divided into great families. These again, owing to some local or other circumstances, are divided into Dialects. A dialect is a branch of some more general language. A dialect is formed by leaving off from the forms of the general language, or by adding something new to them. The pronunciation may to some extent be altered etc. These changes may be produced by time, accident, culture or neglect. Most if not all the dialects of Polynesia appear to have had the same origin, which, in all probability, was the Malayan. As the Islands of the great Pacific Ocean, constituting Polynesia, are many and far separated, it is reasonabl...

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Grammar is a written account of the principles used in writing or speaking a language. A Hawaiian Grammar is an explanation of the rules and principles used by Hawaiians in speaking and writing their language. Grammatical Treatises are usually divided into several parts, viz. Orthography, Etymology, Syntax and Prosody. Orthography treats of letters and their formation into words. Etymology treats of words and their changes in relation to each other. Syntax teaches the rules whereby words are formed into sentences. Prosody will hardly be included in this Grammar. Note. — It is taken for granted, in this work, that the reader understands the principles of general Grammar; hence many definitions are omitted....

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Grammar Definition Sec. -- 1 —3 -- Part 1 Orthography -- 4 -- Hawaiian Alphabet -- 6 -- Division of Letters -- 8 —10 -- Of the Vowel Sounds -- 11 -- Of the Consonant Sounds -- 13 -- Of the Sounds of Foreign Consonants -- 14 Of Diphthongs -- 15—18 -- Of Syllables -- 19—23 -- Of Words -- 24—26 -- Formation of Words -- 27—36 -- Peculiarities in the Use of Words -- 37—40 -- Of Accents—General Law -- 41—45 -- Letters Dropped -- 46 -- Letters Inserted -- 48 -- Etymology Definition -- 52 -- Of the O Emphatic -- 53 -- Its Place in the Sentence—Rules -- 54 -- Of the Articles Generally -- 55—58 -- Definite articles ka and ke -- 59 -- Where they are Used -- 60—61 – Semi-definite Articles -- 63—65 -- Indefinite Articles -- 66 -- Plural Article -- 67 -- Of the Simple Prepositions -- 68 -- Their Use and Signification -- 69—75 -- Of Nouns Sec. -- 76 -- Nouns Proper and Common -- 77—78 -- Abstract and Concrete -- 79 -- Syllables forming a Class -- 80 -- Of Person -- 82 -- Definition three Persons -- 82 -- Of Number -- 83 -- Nouns have three numbers -- 83—85 -- Signs of Dual and Plural -- 86—94 -- Of Gender -- 95 -- No Neuter Gender -- 96 -- Specifi...

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Nothing thrusts your personality forward better than an expansive vocabulary—coupled with wit, an articulate delivery, cogent arguments, and an interest in & knowledge of the world. We can’t address the latter—but Wommack's Vocabulary+ Buffet puts you easily on the road to a deep and dynamic vocabulary. Our approach is vastly different from other tomes: First—Portability. We’re an e-book. Easily carried anywhere, consulted, studied. Second—Pronunciation. Gone are the confusing accent marks & non-phonetic instructions. Our pronunciation guide is simple & phonetic. Third—Illustrative sentences. We load you up with them—4 to 10 per word. Real help beyond definitions. Showing you how the various word meanings are correctly incorporated in sentences. Definitions alone won’t fix your mind. Sentence usage will. No other vocabulary reference comes close to us—over 6,000 sentences for over 1,500 words. Fourth—Games. We suggest a wealth of two-person & parlor games to reinforce your learning, allow you to practice in a competitive manner. Plus—We include a body of extras to flavor your conversation: Quotations from Shakesp...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1–INTRODUCTION Why Have a Copious Vocabulary? Organization of the Guide The “Plus” Sections Following the Main Vocabulary Suggested Study Usage of the Guide: Guide to Pronunciation Guide to Word Origin for Foreign Phrases and Words Game Suggestions Chapter 2–VOCABULARY Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Game 2 Game 3 Chapter 3–CONFUSING WORDS Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Confusing Words Chapter 4–PREFIXES & SUFFIXES Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Greek Prefixes & Meaning Greek Suffixes & Meaning Latin Prefixes & Meaning Chapter 5–FREQUENTLY MISSPELLED WORDS Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Game 2 Frequently Misspelled Words Chapter 6–COMMON FOREIGN PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS USED IN ENGLISH Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Game 2 Romance & Other European Languages Yiddish Words & Phrases Chapter 7–QUOTATIONS Game Suggestions – Two-person and Parlor Games Game 1 Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra...